Поняття й речі англійською — B2, 211 слів

1. absence

   відсутність

   When someone is not in a place where they should be.

   The teacher marked my absence when I was sick and did not come to school.

2. advance

   прогрес

   When you move forward or make progress toward a goal.

   The team made an advance in the competition after winning three games.

3. advantage

   перевага

   Something that helps you do better than other people or succeed more easily.

   Being tall is an advantage in basketball.

4. agriculture

   сільське господарство

   Growing plants and raising animals for food.

   My grandfather works in agriculture, growing vegetables and raising cows.

5. alternative

   альтернатива

   Something different you can choose instead of the usual thing.

   If you don't like coffee, tea is a good alternative.

6. analysis

   аналіз

   A careful look at something to understand it better.

   The teacher did an analysis of the student's test to see what was wrong.

7. animal

   тварина

   A living creature that can move and eat food, but is not a plant.

   A dog is an animal that lives with many people.

8. aspect

   аспект

   A particular part or side of something that you are looking at or thinking about.

   One important aspect of learning English is practising every day.

9. association

   об'єднання

   A group of people who join together because they have the same interest or goal.

   She joined a sports association to play volleyball with other people.

10. authority

    влада

    The power or right to make decisions and tell people what to do.

    The teacher has authority in the classroom and the students must listen to her.

11. availability

    наявність

    When something is ready and you can use it or get it now.

    The availability of fresh fruit at the market is very good in summer.

12. bar

    батончик

    A long, thin piece of something solid, like metal or chocolate.

    I ate a chocolate bar for breakfast.

13. basis

    основа, засад

    The main way or reason you do something regularly.

    I go to the gym on a daily basis to stay healthy.

14. bell

    дзвіночок

    A metal object that makes a ringing sound when you hit it.

    I rang the bell at the door to call my friend.

15. belongings

    особисті речі

    Things that you own and carry with you, like clothes, books, or shoes.

    I packed my belongings in a suitcase before my trip.

16. breakthrough

    прорив

    An important discovery or success that helps solve a difficult problem.

    The new medicine was a real breakthrough in treating the disease.

17. carnival

    карнавал

    A fun outdoor event with games, rides, and food for entertainment.

    We went to the carnival and rode on the big wheel.

18. category

    категорія

    A group of things that are similar or the same type.

    Fruits and vegetables are in different categories at the supermarket.

19. cause

    причина

    A reason why something happens.

    The cause of the accident was bad weather.

20. centigrade

    за Цельсієм

    A way to measure how hot or cold something is using a temperature scale.

    Water freezes at zero centigrade and boils at one hundred centigrade.

21. chaos

    безлад

    A situation where everything is very messy, confused, and disorganized.

    After the party, the living room was in complete chaos with toys and papers everywhere.

22. character

    характер

    The qualities that make a person interesting and special.

    She has a funny character that makes everyone laugh.

23. circumstance

    обставина

    A situation or condition that affects what happens or what you do.

    Due to the bad weather, we had to cancel the picnic, but under different circumstances we would have gone.

24. civilization

    цивілізація

    A large group of people living together with the same rules, culture, and way of life.

    Ancient Egypt was a great civilization that built the pyramids.

25. class

    клас

    A group of people in society with the same level of money and social position.

    My family is from the middle class.

26. clue

    підказка

    A piece of information that helps you find the answer to something.

    The detective found a clue that helped solve the mystery.

27. coincidence

    збіг обставин

    When two things happen at the same time by chance, not planned.

    It was a coincidence that we both arrived at the party at the same time.

28. combination

    комбінація

    Two or more things together that make something work or look good.

    The combination of blue and yellow paint makes green.

29. concentration

    концентрація уваги

    The ability to focus your attention on one thing without thinking about other things.

    I need concentration to do my homework because there is too much noise.

30. concept

    ідея

    An idea or general understanding about something.

    The concept of friendship is important in school.

31. consequence

    наслідок

    Something that happens because of something else; a result.

    If you don't study, the consequence is that you will fail the test.

32. consideration

    обдумування

    Careful thought about something before deciding or doing something.

    I need to give careful consideration to this important choice.

33. context

    контекст

    The other words and facts around a word that help you understand its meaning.

    The context of the sentence helped me understand what the new word meant.

34. contrast

    контраст

    The difference between two things that makes one look darker or lighter.

    There is a good contrast between the white walls and the black door.

35. convenience

    зручність

    Something that is easy and saves you time or effort.

    Online shopping is a great convenience because you can buy things from home.

36. cost

    ціна

    The amount of money you need to pay to buy something.

    The cost of a new bicycle is one hundred dollars.

37. creation

    творення

    Something new that someone makes or invents.

    She made a beautiful creation from clay in art class.

38. crisis

    криза

    A serious problem or difficult situation that needs to be solved quickly.

    The family faced a financial crisis when the father lost his job.

39. darkness

    темрява

    The absence of light; when there is no light and you cannot see.

    The darkness outside made it hard to see the path home.

40. decoration

    оздоблення; декор

    Paint or colour that you put on walls or objects to make them look nice.

    The blue decoration on the wall makes the room look beautiful.

41. destruction

    руйнування

    When something is badly damaged or broken and cannot be used anymore.

    The storm caused destruction to many houses in the town.

42. development

    розвиток

    When something grows, changes, or improves over time.

    The development of her skills in drawing was very impressive after six months of practice.

43. devil

    диявол

    A powerful evil spirit or bad creature that does harmful and wicked things.

    In the story, the devil tried to trick the good people.

44. difficulty

    складність

    A problem or something that is hard to do or understand.

    She has difficulty reading because the words are very small.

45. dilemma

    складна ситуація

    A difficult situation where you must choose between two bad options.

    I have a dilemma: I want to go to the party, but I also need to study for my test.

46. disappearance

    зникнення

    When something or someone is no longer able to be seen or found.

    The disappearance of my keys made me late for work.

47. disaster

    лиха подія

    A very bad event that causes much damage and harm to many people.

    The earthquake was a terrible disaster that destroyed many homes.

48. distinction

    різниця

    A difference between two things that makes them separate or special.

    There is a clear distinction between hot and cold water.

49. dot

    крапка

    A small round mark or point, like a spot made by a pen.

    I put a dot above the letter i.

50. ease

    легкість

    The quality of being easy to do something without difficulty or effort.

    Learning English is easier with practice, so the ease comes with time.

51. end

    кінець

    The time when something stops happening.

    The movie ends at nine o'clock.

52. environment

    навколишнє середовище

    The surroundings or things around you, like nature, buildings, and air.

    We should keep our environment clean by not throwing rubbish on the ground.

53. era

    епоха

    A long period of time in history with particular characteristics or events.

    The Victorian era was a famous period in British history.

54. error

    помилка

    A mistake or something done wrong.

    I made an error when I wrote my name on the test.

55. evidence

    доказ

    Things that show or prove that something is true.

    The photo is evidence that she was at the party.

56. exception

    виняток

    A person or thing that is different from all the others in a group.

    Most students like maths, but Sarah is an exception because she prefers art.

57. existence

    існування

    The fact that something or someone is real and alive.

    The existence of life on Earth is amazing.

58. expansion

    розширення

    When something becomes bigger or grows to cover more space or area.

    The expansion of the city means more houses are being built in new areas.

59. explosion

    вибух

    A sudden, very loud, and dangerous event when something breaks apart with great force.

    The explosion at the building was very loud and scary.

60. fact

    факт

    Something that is true and real, not imagined or false.

    It is a fact that the Earth is round.

61. factor

    фактор

    Something that affects or influences a situation or result.

    Good weather is an important factor in growing healthy plants.

62. fall

    падіння

    When something drops down from a higher place to a lower place.

    The child played outside and had a fall on the grass.

63. fantasy

    фантазія

    Something you imagine in your mind that is not real.

    She has a fantasy about becoming a famous singer.

64. fate

    доля

    What happens to you that you cannot control or change.

    It was her fate to become a famous singer.

65. fault

    помилка

    A problem or mistake that someone or something has.

    The car's fault made it stop working.

66. fire brigade

    пожежна команда

    A group of people who work together to stop fires and help people in danger.

    The fire brigade arrived quickly when the house was burning.

67. flame

    полум'я

    The hot, bright part of a fire that you can see.

    Be careful not to touch the flame on the stove.

68. flexibility

    гнучкість

    The ability to change your plans or do things in different ways when needed.

    The job offers flexibility, so you can work from home some days.

69. function

    призначення

    The purpose or job that something is designed to do.

    The function of a spoon is to help you eat food.

70. gambling

    азартні ігри

    Playing games or sports for money, hoping to win but risking to lose.

    Some people enjoy gambling at casinos on weekends.

71. gap

    щілина

    An empty space between two things or objects.

    There is a gap between my two front teeth.

72. gardening

    садівництво

    The activity of growing plants and flowers in a garden or yard.

    My grandmother enjoys gardening and grows vegetables every summer.

73. god

    бог

    A powerful spirit or being that people believe in and pray to.

    Many people believe in God and pray to him every day.

74. good

    корисний

    Something that helps you or makes you feel better.

    Eating fruit is good for your health.

75. grave

    могила

    A hole in the ground where a dead person is buried.

    My grandfather is buried in the grave in the old cemetery.

76. growth

    зростання

    The process of becoming bigger, taller, or larger over time.

    The growth of the plant was slow during winter.

77. handle

    ручка

    The part of something you hold with your hand to use it or move it.

    The cup has a handle so you can pick it up easily.

78. heart

    серце (символ)

    A shape like a red symbol with two rounded parts at the top and a point at the bottom.

    She drew a pink heart on her notebook.

79. heaven

    рай

    A beautiful place where good people go after they die.

    My grandmother is in heaven now.

80. hell

    пекло

    The place where bad people go after death according to some religions.

    Some people believe that bad people go to hell after they die.

81. human rights

    права людини

    Basic freedoms and protections that all people deserve because they are human.

    Everyone has human rights like freedom and safety.

82. immigrant

    іммігрант

    A person who comes to live in a new country from another country.

    My grandmother was an immigrant who moved to this country when she was young.

83. impact

    вплив

    The effect or result that something has on a person or situation.

    The new school rules had a big impact on how students behave.

84. imperative

    необхідний, важливий

    Something that is very important and needs to be done immediately.

    It is imperative that you arrive on time for your doctor's appointment.

85. incident

    випадок

    An event or situation that happens, usually something unexpected or unpleasant.

    There was a small incident at school when two students had an argument.

86. individual

    окрема людина

    One person, separate from other people in a group.

    Each individual in the class has their own desk.

87. ingredient

    складник

    One of the parts that makes something successful.

    Hard work is an important ingredient of success.

88. intention

    намір

    What you plan or want to do.

    My intention is to learn English this year.

89. interruption

    перерва

    When someone stops you while you are talking or doing something.

    I was reading when there was an interruption at the door.

90. involvement

    участь

    When you take part in something and spend time doing it.

    Her involvement in the school sports team makes her very happy.

91. judgment

    думка

    Your opinion about someone or something.

    In my judgment, this restaurant has the best food in the city.

92. laundry

    прання

    Dirty clothes that need to be washed, or the place where you wash clothes.

    I need to do the laundry because I have no clean shirts.

93. layer

    шар

    A sheet or thickness of something that covers a surface or is under something else.

    She put a layer of chocolate on top of the cake.

94. leaflet

    листівка

    A small piece of paper with information or advertising on it.

    I got a leaflet about the new restaurant in town.

95. length

    тривалість

    How long something continues or lasts in time.

    The length of the movie is two hours.

96. lesson

    урок

    A time when someone teaches you something new.

    I have a piano lesson every Tuesday at 4 o'clock.

97. liberty

    свобода

    The freedom to do what you want and make your own choices.

    In a free country, people have the liberty to choose their own job.

98. lifestyle

    спосіб життя

    The way a person lives every day, including what they eat, do, and enjoy.

    My healthy lifestyle includes exercise and eating good food.

99. lifetime

    життя

    The length of time that a person lives from birth until death.

    I want to travel to many countries in my lifetime.

100. lighting

     освітлення

     The light in a room or place that helps you see things.

     The lighting in the classroom is very bright.

101. litter

     сміття

     Small pieces of rubbish or waste left on the ground or floor.

     Please don't leave litter in the park; put your rubbish in the bin.

102. loss

     втрата

     When you no longer have something that you had before.

     The loss of her keys made her very sad.

103. luck

     удача

     When something good happens to you by chance, not because you worked for it.

     I had good luck and won the lottery.

104. luxury

     розкіш

     Something special and expensive that gives you pleasure and comfort.

     Having a hot bath is a luxury when you are tired.

105. magic

     чарівність

     Something special and wonderful that makes you feel happy and excited.

     The magic of Christmas makes everyone smile.

106. man

     чоловік

     A male person who is fully grown.

     My father is a tall man.

107. mankind

     людство

     All human beings; all people in the world.

     Mankind has lived on Earth for thousands of years.

108. manner

     спосіб

     The way that someone does something or behaves.

     She spoke in a friendly manner.

109. means

     спосіб

     A way of doing something or a method to get something.

     Walking is a good means of exercise.

110. medal

     медаль

     A small metal disc given as a prize for winning a sports competition.

     She won a gold medal in the swimming race.

111. mess

     безлад

     A situation that is very disorganized, confused, or bad.

     My room is a mess because I did not clean it.

112. message

     повідомлення

     A short piece of information that you send to someone.

     I sent her a message on her phone to say hello.

113. miracle

     чудо

     Something very good and lucky that you did not expect to happen.

     It was a miracle that nobody was hurt in the car crash.

114. mission

     завдання

     A special job or task that someone must do.

     My mission today is to find a good book at the library.

115. misunderstanding

     непорозуміння

     When two people do not understand each other correctly and have different ideas about something.

     There was a misunderstanding about the meeting time, so she arrived an hour late.

116. mixture

     суміш

     A substance made of two or more things mixed together.

     I made a mixture of flour and eggs to bake a cake.

117. motive

     причина, мотив

     The reason why someone does something.

     Her motive for studying hard was to get a good job.

118. navy

     темно-синій

     A dark blue colour, like the colour of the sea.

     The walls were painted a deep navy.

119. need

     потреба

     Something you must have to live or be happy.

     Food and water are basic needs for all people.

120. neighbour

     сусід

     A person who lives very close to you, usually in the same street or building.

     My neighbour next door gave me some fresh vegetables from her garden.

121. note

     записка

     A short message you write to remember something or tell someone something.

     I wrote a note to remind myself to buy milk.

122. obligation

     обов'язок

     Something you must do because it is your duty or responsibility.

     You have an obligation to finish your homework before playing games.

123. observation

     спостереження

     Watching something carefully to see what happens.

     My observation of the birds in the garden helped me learn about their behaviour.

124. opening

     урочисте відкриття

     A ceremony when something new starts for the first time.

     The opening of the new school was a special ceremony with many people.

125. opinion

     думка групи

     What most people in a group think or believe about something.

     The opinion of the class is that we should have more time for lunch.

126. origin

     походження

     The place or thing that something comes from.

     The origin of chocolate is South America.

127. pace

     темп

     How fast or slow someone moves or does something.

     She walks at a quick pace in the morning.

128. pack

     упаковка

     A group of things sold together as one product.

     I bought a pack of pencils at the store.

129. parade

     парад

     A public event where many people walk together down a street to celebrate something.

     We watched the Christmas parade with lots of colourful floats and marching bands.

130. pattern

     звичка

     The way something usually happens or is usually done.

     My pattern is to eat breakfast at 7 am every day.

131. peace

     мир

     A situation where there is no fighting or violence between people or countries.

     After the war ended, the two countries finally had peace.

132. peak

     вершина

     The highest point of a mountain or hill.

     We climbed to the peak of the mountain and saw the valley below.

133. performance

     успішність

     How well someone does something or how good their work is.

     Her performance in the test was excellent.

134. phase

     період

     A period of time when something happens or changes in a particular way.

     The baby is going through a difficult phase right now.

135. plan

     план

     A drawing that shows how a building or room looks from above.

     The architect drew a plan of the new house.

136. planning

     планування

     Thinking about what you want to do in the future and deciding how to do it.

     We are planning our holiday next summer.

137. popularity

     популярність

     When many people like you or know who you are.

     The singer's popularity grew after winning the competition.

138. population

     населення

     All the people who live in a place, like a city or country.

     The population of Tokyo is very large.

139. possession

     власність

     Something that you own or have.

     My phone is my favourite possession.

140. possibility

     варіант

     Something that you can choose to do or that might happen.

     Going to the beach or staying home are two possibilities for this weekend.

141. pottery

     гончарні вироби

     Things made from clay, like plates, cups, and bowls.

     She bought a beautiful blue pottery bowl at the market.

142. power

     влада

     The ability to control or influence someone or something.

     The teacher has power over her students in the classroom.

143. prejudice

     упередження

     An unfair feeling or opinion about someone based on their group, not facts.

     She had a prejudice against people from different countries.

144. presence

     присутність

     Being in a place or with someone at the same time.

     The teacher's presence in the classroom helps students feel safe.

145. presentation

     вручення

     A formal ceremony where someone gives something to another person in front of people.

     At the school assembly, there was a presentation of awards to the best students.

146. privacy

     приватність

     The state of being alone and not watched or bothered by other people.

     She closed the door to have some privacy while changing her clothes.

147. procedure

     процедура

     The steps you follow to do something in the correct order.

     The procedure for making tea is to boil water, add tea bag, then pour the water.

148. project

     проект

     A piece of work that you do, usually with other people, that takes some time to finish.

     We did a school project about animals with our classmates.

149. proof

     доказ

     Something that shows or proves that something is true or real.

     She showed her passport as proof of her identity.

150. prospect

     перспектива

     A possibility or chance that something good might happen in the future.

     The prospect of going on holiday makes me very happy.

151. protection

     захист

     Something that keeps you safe from harm or damage.

     You wear a helmet for protection when you ride a bike.

152. quiet

     тиша; спокій

     A place or time with very little noise or sound.

     In the quiet of the evening, we sat and talked.

153. ray

     промінь

     A thin line of light that comes from the sun or another bright thing.

     A ray of sunlight came through the window and warmed my face.

154. reality

     дійсність

     The true facts about what is real and actually happening, not imagination.

     In reality, she works every day, even though she sometimes dreams about holidays.

155. reason

     причина

     A cause or explanation for why something happens or why someone does something.

     The reason I was late is because my bus was slow.

156. receipt

     чек; квитанція

     A piece of paper that shows you paid for something.

     The shop gave me a receipt when I bought the book.

157. reception

     прийом

     A party where people gather to celebrate something special, like a wedding or birthday.

     They had a big reception after the wedding ceremony.

158. reduction

     зменшення

     When something becomes smaller in amount or size.

     The store announced a 20% reduction in prices on all winter clothes.

159. reflection

     відображення

     A picture of something you see in a mirror or in water.

     I saw my reflection in the mirror when I looked at it.

160. refugee

     біженець

     A person who leaves their country because it is not safe and goes to live in another country.

     After the war, many refugees came to our city looking for safety.

161. regulation

     правило

     An official rule that you must follow.

     The school regulation says students must wear uniforms.

162. rehearsal

     репетиція

     A practice session where you do something again before doing it for real.

     The school rehearsal for the play is tomorrow afternoon.

163. relation

     зв'язок

     A connection between two people or things.

     The relation between a mother and child is very special.

164. relationship

     стосунки

     A close connection between two people who care about each other.

     The two brothers have a difficult relationship.

165. remains

     залишки

     The parts of something that are left after the rest is gone or used.

     There were some remains of pizza on the plate after dinner.

166. replacement

     заміна

     A new thing or person that takes the place of another one.

     I need a replacement battery for my old remote control.

167. requirement

     вимога

     Something you need to have or do.

     A passport is a requirement for travelling to another country.

168. resource

     ресурс

     Something useful that you can use to help you do something.

     Books are a good resource for learning new information.

169. role

     роль

     A job or purpose that a person has in a group or situation.

     In our team, my role is to help with the computer work.

170. safety

     безпека

     The state of being safe and protected from danger or harm.

     Always wear a seatbelt in the car for your safety.

171. scandal

     скандал

     When someone does something bad or wrong that shocks and upsets many people.

     The politician's scandal made many people angry and disappointed.

172. scent

     запах

     A pleasant smell that something has.

     I love the scent of flowers in the garden.

173. scheme

     план

     A plan or organized way of doing something.

     The government created a scheme to help poor families get free food.

174. selection

     вибір

     The act of choosing one or more things from a group of things.

     I made a selection of three apples from the fruit stand.

175. shooting

     стрільба

     A sport or activity where you use a gun to hit a target.

     My father enjoys shooting at the range every weekend.

176. sight

     вид

     The area that you can see from where you are.

     The beautiful mountains came into sight as we drove up the hill.

177. silence

     тиша

     A period of time when there is no sound or noise.

     There was a long silence after the teacher asked the difficult question.

178. similarity

     схожість

     When two things are like each other in some way.

     There is a great similarity between the two sisters.

179. slope

     схил

     A surface that goes up or down at an angle, not flat.

     The playground has a slope where children like to run down.

180. society

     суспільство

     A group of people who live together in one country or area.

     In our society, people help each other and follow the same rules.

181. source

     джерело

     The place or thing where something comes from or begins.

     Water from the mountain is the source of the river.

182. speed

     швидкість

     How fast something moves or travels.

     The car was driving at a high speed on the highway.

183. stage

     сцена

     A raised platform or area where actors, singers, or performers stand to perform.

     The singer stood on the stage and sang in front of many people.

184. stain

     пляма

     A mark or dirty spot on something that is difficult to clean.

     There is a coffee stain on my white shirt.

185. statistics

     статистика

     Information shown as numbers that tell you about things in the world.

     The statistics show that most people in our class like pizza.

186. step

     крок

     One part of a process that you do to complete something.

     The first step to learning English is to learn the alphabet.

187. storage

     зберігання

     A place where you keep things that you do not use every day.

     I keep my winter clothes in storage during summer.

188. strategy

     стратегія

     A plan you make to help you succeed or win at something.

     My strategy for studying is to read a little bit every day.

189. surface

     поверхня

     The top or outer part of something that you can see and touch.

     I cleaned the kitchen surface before preparing the food.

190. survival

     виживання

     Staying alive when you are in danger or a difficult situation.

     The hikers focused on survival after they got lost in the mountains.

191. suspicion

     підозра

     A feeling that someone did something wrong or bad, even though you are not sure.

     I have a suspicion that my friend took my pen without asking.

192. system

     система

     A way of doing something that you repeat in the same way every time.

     I have a system for organizing my books by colour.

193. theory

     теорія

     An idea or opinion about why something happens or how things work.

     My theory is that plants grow better with more sunlight.

194. thing

     річ

     An idea or a subject that you think or talk about.

     Learning English is a difficult thing.

195. thought

     думка

     An idea or thing that you think about in your mind.

     The thought of moving abroad frightened her.

196. tomb

     могила

     A grave or place where a dead person is buried in the ground.

     The ancient tomb was discovered by archaeologists last year.

197. trace

     слід

     A very small amount of something that is left behind.

     There was a trace of milk left in the bottle.

198. tradition

     традиція

     A custom or way of doing something that people have done for a very long time.

     In my family, eating together on Sunday is a tradition.

199. tragedy

     трагедія

     A very sad event that causes people to suffer or die.

     The car accident was a tragedy that affected the whole community.

200. trick

     хитрість

     A clever way to do something or make something easier.

     A useful trick is to tie your shoelaces in a loop.

201. trouble

     клопіт

     Something that causes extra work or makes life more difficult.

     Fixing the broken computer is too much trouble for me.

202. truth

     правда

     The quality of being true; something that is real and correct.

     She told the truth about what happened.

203. union

     об'єднання

     When two or more things come together to make one.

     The union of the two companies created a bigger business.

204. variation

     різниця

     A change or difference between things that are similar.

     There are many colour variations of this shirt available in the store.

205. version

     версія

     A different form or type of something that already exists.

     My phone has the new version of the software.

206. view

     вид

     The things you can see from a particular place.

     From my window, I have a nice view of the mountains.

207. vision

     бачення

     A picture or idea in your mind about what you want in the future.

     She has a vision of becoming a teacher and helping children learn.

208. vote

     голос

     An act of choosing a leader or deciding something, by marking a paper or raising your hand.

     My vote goes to the best candidate.

209. waste

     сміття

     Things you do not want and throw away.

     I put my food waste in the bin.

210. wave

     хвиля

     A line of raised water that moves across the surface of the sea.

     We saw big waves at the beach and jumped over them.

211. weakness

     слабкість

     The state of not being strong or not having much physical power.

     He felt weakness in his legs after running a long race.

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